Q1. What is non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)?
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Q2. How common is kidney failure due to diabetes mellitus?
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Q3. How long does it take for NIDDM to cause kidney disease?
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Q4. What are the symptoms of kidney problems in a diabetic?
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Q5. How do you detect kidney damage?
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Q6. What are the treatment options available once severe kidney failure occurs?
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Q7. How do you prevent renal damage?
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| Q1. |
What is non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)? |
| A1. |
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is the commonest form of diabetes mellitus in India. It can cause irreversible kidney failure. |
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| Q2. |
How common is kidney failure due to diabetes mellitus? |
| A2. |
Diabetes mellitus is the commonest cause of irreversible kidney failure all over the world and in India too. top |
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| Q3. |
How long does it take for NIDDM to cause kidney disease? |
| A3. |
NIDDM takes a minimum of about 5-7 years to affect the kidneys. |
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| Q4. |
What are the symptoms of kidney problems in a diabetic? |
| A4. |
Frequent attacks of low sugar (hypoglycaemia) may be an indication that kidney damage has occurred.
Other symptoms are swelling of the face, swelling of the legs, increase in blood pressure, loss of appetite, vomiting and tiredness. Diabetic retinopathy of the eye is invariably present before kidney damage. Patients who have had diabetic retinopathy should get their urine and blood checked in order to find out whether the kidneys have been affected. |
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| Q5. |
How do you detect kidney damage? |
| A5. |
Early in the disease, microalbumin in the urine becomes positive. The next stage shows an increased protein (albumin) excretion in urine. In the stage following this, there is an increase in serum creatinine, which is an indicator of kidney function. |
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| Q6. |
What are the treatment options available once severe kidney failure occurs? |
| A6. |
The treatment options available once severe kidney failure occurs are:
- Dialysis
- Renal Transplantation
There are two forms of dialysis – haemodialysis and CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis). |
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| Q7. |
How do you prevent renal damage? top |
| A7. |
Meticulous control of blood sugar and blood pressure has been shown to prevent renal damage. Use of drugs such as ACE Inhibitors and AII Blockers will also aid in slowing down the disease process. |
