Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Children: A Complete Guide for Parents

Nothing can be scarier for a parent than to watch their child being sick. Even the smallest scratches to a simple fever can make most parents anxious. 

Has your pediatric nephrologist diagnosed your little one with a condition such as Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in children?  This can be quite a difficult diagnosis for both your child and you. Several questions must be running through your mind, such as is your child is in danger? How did it happen? Will they get better? 

The truth is, AKI in children is a serious condition. But with the help of the right guidance and care, your child may recover fully. Understanding the condition and its causes can make all the difference.

If you are in Bangalore and you are looking for the best medical care for your little one, NU Hospitals, Bangalore, is your best choice. We specialise in pediatric treatment for your little one. 

What is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Children?

AKI in children is a condition where your child may experience sudden and often temporary loss of kidney function or kidney failure. The kidneys are our body's filter. Therefore, when the kidneys stop working, they cannot remove waste from your child's body. 

The extra fluids stay in your child’s blood. The harmful substances then build up quickly, causing your little one serious health problems.

Types of AKI in Children

AKI in children can be further classified into different types based on the problem is. This will further help your healthcare professional to provide your child with the best treatment.  

• Prerenal AKI

Prerenal AKI is the most common type. It will happen when there is a lack of blood flow to your child's kidneys. This condition can be caused by dehydration, severe bleeding, or heart failure.

• Intrarenal AKI

Intrarenal AKI is caused by direct damage to your child's kidneys themselves. The filter's components are broken. This can develop from infections, medications, or toxins.

• Postrenal AKI

Postrenal AKI occurs when there is a blockage that prevents urine from leaving your child's kidneys. This happens due to kidney stones, a tumor, or congenital abnormalities.

What Causes AKI in Children?

The cause of AKI in children can vary for your little one, depending on their age and their health condition. A few of the common reasons are:

• Dehydration

Dehydration from vomiting, diarrhea, or poor fluid intake. This is often due to gastroenteritis.

• Infections

Severe infections (especially blood or urine infections) can trigger AKI in your child, further leading to chronic kidney disease CKD.

• Medications

Certain steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, painkillers (NSAIDs), or chemotherapy agents may harm your child's kidneys, causing kidney failure.

• Blood loss

Blood loss in your child after surgery or trauma.

• Autoimmune disorders

Autoimmune disorders such as lupus or vasculitis attack your little one's kidney tissue.

• Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS): 

HUS is a serious condition often triggered by a bacterial infection. It damages your child's blood vessels in the kidneys. 

Signs and Symptoms of AKI in Children

Parents recognizing the signs and symptoms of AKI in children is great for early treatment. The signs for your little one can be very subtle, so you ned to be very careful. 

• Less urine or no urine output

• Dark-colored urine

• Swelling, especially in the legs, feet, or around the eyes

• High blood pressure 

• Fatigue, low energy, or confusion

• Excessive thirst

• Nausea or vomiting

• Shortness of breath

• Rapid weight gain

• Seizures in severe cases

How is AKI diagnosed in children?

Diagnosing AKI in your little one will involve several tests by your paediatric nephrologist. They will conduct:

• Blood tests

Blood tests will help to measure your child's creatinine, urea, and electrolyte levels.

• Urine tests

Urine tests will look for protein, blood, or infections in your child's urine.

• Physical exam

In the physical examination, your child's paediatric nephrologist will check for swelling or high blood pressure.

• Imaging

Ultrasound or other scans will help to spot any blockages or anatomical issues for your little one.

• Special tests

If your paediatric nephrologist suspects any immune condition, they may suggest antibody tests or assess complement levels.
These tests will help to confirm the diagnosis for your little one. 

Why NU Hospitals is a Leading Choice for Pediatric AKI Treatment?

If your child's health is on the line, you will want the best care for them. NU Hospitals, Bangalore, is one of the most renowned hospitals for its paediatric nephrology and urology care.  

Here is why we are your best choice:

• Dedicated Pediatric Nephrology Team

We have a dedicated team of pediatric nephrologists and urologists for your little one. They have the expertise to treat the most complex cases of AKI in children.

• State-of-the-Art Technology

We have access to advanced diagnostic tools and treatment facilities. 

• Child-Friendly Environment

NU Hospitals is designed to make your children feel at home during treatment.

• Comprehensive Care

From diagnosis and quick intervention, we provide a holistic pediatric AKI treatment for your little one.

• Pioneers in Pediatric Dialysis

NU Hospitals is renowned for its pediatric dialysis services. It is a lifesaver for children with severe AKI.

Diet and Lifestyle Tips for Children Recovering from AKI

Recovering from AKI for your little one is going to be a difficult journey. During this time, diet will play a massive role. Here are a few simple tips to help you take care of your little one:

Diet tips for your little one:

• Keep salt intake low.

• Give fresh fruits and vegetables.

• Avoid packaged junk food.

• Follow fluid balance as advised by your doctor

• Limit foods that are high in potassium or phosphorus according to your doctor's suggestion.

Lifestyle tips for your little one:

• Make sure your child is getting proper rest. 

• Avoid over-the-counter medicines without your doctor's approval.

• Regular follow-ups with your paediatric nephrologist.

If your little one is suffering from AKI, parents don't wait. NU Hospitals is one of the most renowned hospitals for treating paediatric nephrology and urology cases. We will make sure your little one gets the best care.